AUDIOLOGY
Tinnitus
In Latin the word Tinnitus means to “ring like a bell”. It is the perception of sound heard in one or both the ears, or head in the absence of an external sound source. It is important to know that Tinnitus is NOT A DISEASE; it is merely the ability to hear sounds produced by the hearing system, evidence of compensatory mechanisms that are part of its normal function (Jastreboff & Hazell, 1993).
Many descriptions of tinnitus exist, for example cicadas, whistling, buzzing, clicking, humming, crickets, whooshing and pulsing sounds.
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What can cause Tinnitus?
According to the American Tinnitus Association the exact physiological causes of Tinnitus are currently still unknown, but there are certain factors associated with tinnitus:
– Noise exposure:
Exposure to loud noises over a certain period of time can damage the delicate hair cells in the inner ear. Once damaged, these hair cells cannot be repaired, therefore resulting in a permanent hearing loss.
– Excessive earwax:
Excessive amounts of earwax in the ear canals can cause a decrease in hearing sensitivity, resulting in the increased loudness perception of the Tinnitus. Always have the earwax carefully removed by an Ear-Nose-Throat specialist. Do not use cotton buds!
– Medications:
Some medications are toxic to the ear, while other medications will produce tinnitus as a side effect without damaging the inner ear. Effects, which can depend on the dosage of the medication, can be temporary or permanent.
Before taking any medication, make sure that your prescribing doctor is aware of your tinnitus, and discuss alternative medications that may be available.
– Ear or sinus infections:
Many people, including children, experience tinnitus along with an ear or sinus infection. Generally, the tinnitus is only temporary and will therefore lessen and gradually disappear once the infection is healed.
– Cardiovascular diseases:
People typically hear a rhythmic pulsing, often in time with a heartbeat. This pulsatile tinnitus can indicate the presence of a possible vascular condition – where the blood flow through the veins and arteries are affected, for example, high blood pressure.
– Méniére’s disease:
Symptoms of this disease are usually violent attacks of vertigo and dizziness, imbalance, nausea with vomiting, and hearing loss (usually in one ear). People with this disease often complain about a roaring, low pitched humming tinnitus in the affected ear.
– Stress and/or Anxiety